![]() Most nightmares come from REM, except for night terrors that come as bursts from deep sleep. In REM sleep there are vivid internally generated scenes, which are bizarre and not logical.Ī much smaller amount of dreaming also occurs in stage one deep sleep near the beginning of the night’s sleep, where it occurs in small dream fragments, and also in stage II closer to morning, where it is experienced more as thinking. In REM there is an opposite neurotransmitter profile of low amine neuronal activity, and high cholinergic neuron activity. But, very significantly in REM sleep there is a paralysis of the muscles so that no one can physically act out dreams. REM sleep, which includes most of the dreaming, has brain waves similar to the lightest deep sleep, stage I. A recent study shows that playing a tune to sleeping musicians during slow wave sleep improves the ability to know that song afterward. Learning is best if practiced just before sleep. Deep sleep is associated with increased learning, and the consolidation of memory. In stage one, the lightest slow wave sleep, there are prominent theta waves. In deep sleep there are muscular movements, including turning over in various ways, but no purposeful movements unless there is a sleep disorder such as sleep walking. The four deep sleep stages and REM each have their own type of brain waves but they tend to be slow waves. When awake there are high frequency low amplitude brain waves. It is associated with low cholinergic brain activity and normal activity of amine brain neurotransmitters, the well-known serotonin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine. Waking consciousness is marked by a vivid continuous sense of reality, both internal and external. As the night progresses, however, there is less of the stage IV. The deepest stage IV is associated with increased learning and memory consolidation. ![]() ![]() After the four stages there is a period of REM before another cycle starts. We gradually rotate through the stages in cycles of approximately 90 minutes. ![]() State I Sleep Brain Wavesĭeep sleep is broken into four stages, I through 4, each having distinct brain waves. In the most general terms, there is dreaming and deep slow wave sleep, which are referred to as rapid eye movement (REM) and NREM (non REM) sleep, respectively. Sleep is a complex series of changes in brain states and subjective mental experiences. This post will discuss some general aspects of sleep and mental states as they relate to sleep, and then consider what is known about dreaming and deep sleep. Unfortunately, it is not at all clear what dreams are or how to interpret them.ĭreaming is just one aspect of sleep, and it is one of the supposed three basic different types of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. They appear to be an important part of human experience. Everyone dreams and at times is affected by the emotional content of a dream. Many spiritual leaders, such as the great Sioux leader Black Elk had vivid prophetic dreams. Are dreams a representation of inner conflicts, of hidden desires, ambitions and fears? Do they have their own logic? Are they a way that the brain can recalibrate circuits and synapses? Is there a dream world?ĭreams have been a source of fascination for thousands of years and are prominent in literature and religious writings.
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